¶CSS selectors in PHP

The library supports selector-based traversal through:

• querySelector()
• querySelectorAll()
• closest()
• matches()

$card = $document->querySelector(".product-card");
$buttons = $document->querySelectorAll("form[action] button");
$section = $card?->closest("section");

Internally, selectors are translated to XPath. In normal use that is an implementation detail, but it matters in one practical way: invalid selectors raise XPathQueryException.

¶Live versus static collections

This library follows the DOM’s distinction between live and static collections.

¶HTMLCollection is live

Methods and properties such as these return a live HTMLCollection:

• children
• getElementsByTagName()
• getElementsByClassName()
• document-wide properties such as forms, images, links, and scripts

$forms = $document->forms;
$document->body->appendChild($document->createElement("form"));

echo $forms->length; // now includes the new form

¶querySelectorAll() returns a static NodeList

This matches browser behaviour:

$items = $document->querySelectorAll("li");

If the document changes afterwards, that particular result set does not update.

¶getElementsByName() returns a live NodeList

This is one of the places where the return type is NodeList, but the behaviour is live.

¶Collection helpers

The collection objects are intentionally array-like and iterable in PHP:

foreach($document->images as $image) {
	$image->loading = "lazy";
}

$first = $document->links[0] ?? null;

Useful MDN references:

• HTMLCollection
• NodeList

¶Child and parent helpers

The server-side API includes the browser-style convenience methods:

• append()
• prepend()
• before()
• after()
• replaceWith()
• remove()

$notice = $document->querySelector(".notice");
$notice?->before($document->createElement("hr"));
$notice?->after("Updated just now");

These are often more pleasant than the older insertBefore()-style calls when we are doing small structural edits.

[!TIP] In WebEngine applications, it is worth checking whether DomTemplate can express the page update before writing repeated manual selectors.

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With traversal covered, the next page looks at the HTML-specific conveniences and the places where server-side DOM naturally differs from browser DOM: Working with HTML-specific helpers.